Apple Inc. Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2754 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Business Essay Level High school Tags: Apple Inc Essay Did you like this example? Introduction: It is no secret that Apple Inc. is one of the most successful companies worldwide, however, many individuals believe that they remain the best company in the world, (https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-run-your-company-like-apple-2012-2). In order to receive a reputation this strong, both your business plan and style must be perfected. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Apple Inc. Management" essay for you Create order It is easy for outsiders to take a look at the success levels that Apple Inc. has met and provide feedback as a satisfied consumer, however, taking a look at the inside operations of Apple Inc. will leave individuals impressed as well. The management style that Apple chooses to implement is a very effective style and it opens the organization to a great deal of opportunity. Organizational Structure Design Considering all aspects of competition and the need to remain ahead of opponents, Apple takes the confidentiality aspect very seriously. When Steve Jobs was present within the organization, he was very keen when it came to privacy and keeping new ideas under the radar. Making sure that the ideas generated within the organization remained inside the corporation was very important in regards to staying ahead of the competitors; it still is very important today, even with Steve Jobs out of the organizational structure. The CEO of the company plays a very dominant part when it comes to organizational structure. The CEO, Tim Cook, provides guidance and structure for the next tier of employees, which happens to make up the executive team for Apple Inc.. Cook also has a direct communication with VPs whom report to Cook. After the tier of six individuals who fill the position of VPs that are reporting to Cook, falls the majority of the VPs for Apple Inc. which refer to the VPs one tier up for assistance or guidance. The type of structure that Jobs had implemented into Apple Inc. was very unique at the time and seemed to be very effective in the sense of success. Everything that went into and out of the corporation went directly through Steve Jobs office. The way that this is set up provides the CEO with the majority of duties and some individuals had said to believe that all of the company-drive should be split up and weighed out a little differently. (https://intothelook.wordpress.com/2013/11/24/organizational-structure-of-apple/) The VPs within the organization provide a good example of function-based grouping, (https://panmore.com/apple-inc-organizational-structure-features-pros-cons) which means that each individual has a task, or business function, in which they are focused on. This provides a sense of expertise for just about every business function within the organization. On the other hand, the lower tier take on a product-based grouping (https://panmore.com/apple-inc-organizational-structure-features-pros-cons) theme that uses a vice president for both different outputs and inputs. Steve Jobs had it set up in a way that he had the final say in a lot of decision-making and a ton of responsibility in regards to the process of innovation and creation. When Tim Cook took over, he implemented a few changes that were focused primarily around the level of collaboration. Rather than Tim Cook having the first and final say on controversial or decision-making issues, more employees now have a say. Though Tim Cook still has the spoke-and-wheel hierarchy (https://panmore.com/apple-inc-organizational-structure-features-pros-cons) feel within the workplace, the small alterations made seem to be showing a positive effect on Apple Inc. The type of departmentalization in which Apple implements is territorial departmentalization, which in more simple meaning, stands for an organization that chooses to group products by product line. Apple incorporates a high level of departmentalization. There are a handful of advantages, along with a handful of disadvantages that go alongside departmentalization by territories. An advantage that belongs to territorial departmentalization is that it places responsibility at a lower level [and] places emphasis on local markets and problems, (https://iedunote.com/departmentalization-by-territory.), while a disadvantage could be considered the fact that you must maintain a handful of employees that provide expertise in their abilities to be an effective manager. INTER/INTRA ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSESS Over the years, Apple Inc. has adopted a mechanistic organization versus an organic organization; this was inherited by the centralization within the organization and the standardization aspect that Apple heavily relies on. Apple easily applies the mechanistic structure into their organization due to their mass-production of technology-based products and their chosen and developed leadership style. Strategy The Porter Analysis is done by analyzing five aspects of a business, these aspects are: industry rivalries, the threat of new entries, the power of suppliers, the power of customers and the threat of substitutes. Being such a technology-based company in such a tech-based era, Apple has encountered a handful of successful competitors; this takes a little bit of power away from Apple. Though Apple has remained on top of their competitors thus far, they must remain reasonable in a sense of pricing and staying fair due to the ability for consumers to make purchases from their common competitors, such as Samsung. In regards to the potential of new entrants, Apple sits pretty comfortably. It would not be feasible for a company to start up in such a technology-based market and end up level with Apple. The market that Apple Inc. lies in would take both a great deal of time and a great deal of money for a competitor to enter. Apple provides a decent barrier, which is attractive to the investors eye. The power of customers is driven by a handful of aspects such as how many buyers or customers a company has, how significant each customer is, and how much it would cost a customer to switch from one company to another, (https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/porter.asp). Apple Inc. holds a pretty dominant stand when taking a look at the number of consumers that they have. Apple provides very good quality products to their consumers, so the cost in switching from one company to another may not be a smart decision considering the decrease in quality that they could be taking. The power of suppliers may be Apples biggest downfall. Apple has a lengthy list of suppliers that are located both in and out of the United States. Considering that Apple relies on 200+ suppliers, their suppliers hold a lot of power, however, they do have a lengthy list, which spreads out the amount that Apple depends on each individual supplier. Apple has a comfortable stand in regards to the threat of substitutes. Apple provides consumers with very high quality products that can perform a handful of tasks; therefore it would not be easy or feasible to find a product that can out-perform an Apple Inc. product. Of the five forces that the Porter Analysis takes into account, this would be one of Apples most comfortable positions. CEO Tim Cook implemented Apples most current vision statement: We believe that we are on the face of the earth to make great products and thats not changing. We are constantly focusing on innovating. We believe in the simple not the complex. We believe that we need to own and control the primary technologies behind the products that we make, and participate only in markets where we can make a significant contribution. We believe in saying no to thousands of projects, so that we can really focus on the few that are truly important and meaningful to us. We believe in deep collaboration and cross-pollination of our groups, which allow us to innovate in a way that others cannot. And frankly, we dont settle for anything less than excellence in every group in the company, and we have the self- honesty to admit when were wrong and the courage to change. And I think regardless of who is in what job those values are so embedded in this company that Apple will do extremely well. Apple is a company that will continue reaching for success and growth within their profitable organization, the vision statement implemented really breaks that down and simplifies it in a sense of what the company values and is looking to obtain. The vision statement is a very detailed piece of work that puts into perspective their business plan and marketing strategies. Apples mission statement has also been a piece of work that underwent changes and alterations over the years. The current mission statement is: Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App store, and is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices with iPad. Within the mission statement, Apple is outlining all of the devices that they are well known for. They used this opportunity to capitalize on what they do and the quality products that they put out while attempting to out-shine their competition. Apple makes their intentions for the future of their organization very clear within the mission statement, they are in a sense saying that they are not done taking steps forward and they will continue to further develop as time goes on. Apples mission statement is a very powerful piece of work and it was designed to outshine competitors. Apple is a company that takes their corporate social responsibilities (CSR) very seriously, as just about any multinational company attempts to do. Apple has greatly satisfied and fulfilled their company stakeholders and their CSR. Apples success is largely influenced by their stakeholder groups, which consist of their consumers, employees, investors and employees of suppliers and distributors (https://panmore.com/apple-inc-stakeholders-csr-analysis). Apple puts a huge emphasis on the satisfaction of their stakeholders. Consumers remain categorized as Apples highest level of importance. They aim to keep their consumers satisfied and are constantly looking out for the next best thing that Apple Inc. has up its sleeves. Apple also strives to preserve everything that is produced at an acceptable price level. Apple also takes part in a handful of programs, such as one for recycling, which provides reassurance of corporate social responsibilities. Apple puts their employees as their second priority in a sense of their stakeholders. These stakeholders remain loyal based on compensation and career development. Apple strives to treat their employees very well and they provide competitive wages, along with great opportunities for development. Not only does Apple Inc. provide competitive wages and great career development aspects, they also provide very good compensation packages to their employees. Investors also remain very important to Apple, as they do any corporation. Apple Inc. provides their investors with very appealing aspects in regards to investing such as high profit margins and very strong and competitive financial positioning. It becomes very attractive to investors when a company is labeled as one of the most lucrative companies worldwide. As previously mentioned, Apple also takes their CSR very seriously, which is yet another aspect that attracts investors. Apples employees of suppliers and distributors make up the indirect stakeholders that the company preserves. These individuals are treated comparably to their employees; they receive competitive wages and countless benefits. Apple looks out for their employees and their suppliers and distributors by making sure that they are well taken care of. Apple has a Supplier Code of Conduct. The company monitors and imposes requirements on the employment practices of firms in its supply chain. Part of Apples policy is to terminate business relations with suppliers that continue to fail or refuse to satisfy this Code of Conduct. Apples 2014 assessment of suppliers shows that 92% of suppliers now comply with the 60-hour workweek rule, (https://panmore.com/apple-inc-stakeholders-csr-analysis). Apples industry strategy The corporate strategy that makes Apple stand apart from their competitors is differentiation in various aspects. Apple strives to create a product of quality that is going to stand out to consumers. Not only is the American multinational technology company striving to create a product that will stand out, however, they are also putting a huge emphasis on market expansion. Apple products are created with such advanced technology that leaves consumers very satisfied. Apples firm-level strategies. Leadership Tim Cook takes on and displays the situational leadership theory, meaning that there is not one, singular leadership theory that he goes by. Cook alters the style of leadership that he is going to take on regarding various factors such as the magnitude of the issue, the segment that he is working with and the sequential order of events. However, until Cook recently altered the leadership style that Apple implemented, Jobs had put into effect an unconventional leadership style, he strived to push employees to think deeper, using more complexity and he was very blunt to criticize. Both leadership styles have contributed to the great level of success that Apple Inc. has encountered. As many successful businesses, Apple considers Maslows hierarchy of needs and places a heavy focus on the needs listed. Apple takes all-levels into high consideration. They have fulfilled their employee needs of physiological by setting an average salary of $108,483 which basically can ensure survival, (https://managementofapple.wordpress.com/motivation/), this is a very high average pay and can undoubtedly ensure survival factors. As mentioned earlier, Apple Inc. also provides their employees with incomparable benefits, which also meets priority needs alongside a competitive salary. While Apple meets Maslows lower-order, important needs, they also meet the higher-order needs. Apple provides a great deal of positive feedback to their employees, not only feedback, but employees can also receive salary increases and bonuses for preforming well on the job. Apple takes recognition within their organization very seriously and will not hesitate to reward an outstanding employee, which meets the sense of self-actualization on Maslows hierarchy. Any company that places such a threat on competitors within the market segment must provide their employees with a high level of motivation in order to ensure that they are providing their best work for the company. Human Resources Apple has a very successful human resources department with very exclusive techniques, of which they actually prefer to release minimal information on. Apples HR representatives are trained to put an immense amount of effort into recruiting; they spend a lot of time recruiting the most superior employees from other firms, frequently competitors (https://management-training-guru.com/2013/12/hr-strategy-at-apple-make-their-employees-creative-and-innovative/). Apple displays their open job opportunities on their company website as well to provide a competitive entry and appeal to all individuals. Apple incorporates a different style of training than a lot of other companies; they actually hold a number of training classes referred to as Apple University. Throughout Apple University, you learn the ins-and-outs of the company, all of the way from the history to the perceived future. Upon completion, you receive a diploma that recognizes your contribution to the training and development program. Though this seems to be a different style of training and development, it has definitely seemed to be effective ever since the university was put into play. As far as the performance appraisal process within the organization goes, the individuals who are deemed to be the best fit for the position are selected and are moved into the interview process, where they will start of with a practical exam and their skill sets will be evaluated. If the exam goes well and their skills seem to meet the level that Apple is searching for within the employee, they will go through rounds of face-to-face interviewing, where levels will depend on the position in which the individual is applying for. After being selected for the position, an employee for Apple will sit down with them and go over the benefits, pay and a further job description. After the individual accepts the job, they will take place in training and will in due time be moved into their given position where they will be evaluated again. (https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-recruiting-and-hiring-process-of-Apple-How-does-one-contact-their-HR-department) My Perspective I personally would unquestionably be interested in joining Apple Inc. as an employee. I believe that they treat their employees very well and the benefits are incomparable. Their training and development opportunity is very appealing to me as well. The aspect of Apple Inc. that I liked the most is that employees receive recognition and even benefits and/or advancements for their hard work within the organization. The aspect that I disliked the most was the fact that the hiring process seems to be very long and in a sense drug out, however, that is to be expected when applying to be a part of such an exceptional corporation.

Short Essay On Langston Hughes - 738 Words

Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance mounted an early 20th Century movement in which authors and artists of color discovered what it means to be an artist, what it means to be black, and what it means to be American, and what it means to be all of these things at the same time. The Harlem Renaissance began just after the first World War and lasted into the early years of the Great Depression. Like the European Renaissance, the Harlem Renaissance was a social and political movement, but also an artistic one. Artistic movements such literature, music, ethnography, drama, poetry, and publishing were all avenues of expression amongst African-Americans risen from the Harlem Renaissance. Langston Hughes wrote about this time, stating â€Å"the†¦show more content†¦In the short first stanza, Hughes expresses that he has known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins. From this early point in the point in the ballad, pictures of the channels of veins that keep running all through the human body and in addition comparative pictures of streams that breeze around and are molded like veins shape our understanding that this lyric is about more than blood or water, it is about roots and circuits. Like veins or streams, roots run profound and contort sporadically through the medium in which they are planted. The antiquated waterways the speaker talks of resemble the blood in veins or the roots under trees since they give sustenance and can give and bolster life. This is later upheld when the speaker examines early developments that flourished off the stream framework, along these lines the subject of roots has a double significance. â€Å"I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young / I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled it me to sleep which makes the peruser mindful that the â€Å"ancient rivers talked about before are the roots both regarding history and in addition physically. The subject of streams is proceeded in the accom panying lines where the speaker subtle elements looking along the Nile and afterward hearing singing inShow MoreRelatedEssay on James Langston Hughes891 Words   |  4 Pages (February 1, 1902 - May 22, 1967) Born in Joplin, Missouri, James Langston Hughes was born into an abolitionist family. He was the grandson of grandson of Charles Henry Langston, the brother of John Mercer Langston, who was the the first Black American to be elected to public office in 1855. Hughes attended Central High School in Cleveland, Ohio, but began writing poetry in the eighth grade, and was selected as Class Poet. His father didnt think he would be able to make a living as at writingRead MoreLangston Hughes, An American Poet Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesJames Mercer Langston Hughes was one of the most influential African-American writers during the Harlem Renaissance. He was born on February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri to James and Carrie Mercer Hughes. Hughes parents divorced shortly after his birth and his father moved to Mexico. Hughes went to live with his grandmother, Mary Patterson Langston in Kansas while his mother travelled back and forth with jobs. 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Hughes, like others, was active in the Harlem Renaissance, and he had a strong sense of racial pride. Through his poem, novels, short stories, plays, and kids books, he promoted equality, condemned racism, and injustice, and celebrated African American culture, and humor. (Illinois). Langston HughesRead MoreLangston Hughes and Jesse B. Simple1109 Words   |  5 PagesLansgton Hughes and Jesse B. Semple In the early 1940s an African American writer by the name of Langston Hughes, who flourished during the Harlem Renaissance in New York, had established a character in his short story writings named Jesse B. Semple. Through these short stories he used this character to represent the black man of his times. However the question remains, is Jesse B. Semple an accurate representation of the black man of 1940s? This question can best be answered by looking at theRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes and Jesse B. Simple1074 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Lansgton Hughes and Jesse B. Semple† In the early 1940s an African American writer by the name of Langston Hughes, who flourished during the Harlem Renaissance in New York, had established a character in his short story writings named Jesse B. Semple. Through these short stories he used this character to represent the black man of his times. However the question remains, is Jesse B. Semple an accurate representation of the black man of 1940s? This question can best be answered by looking at theRead More Langston Hughes Salvation Essay example642 Words   |  3 PagesLangston Hughes Salvation In most peoples lives, there comes a point in time where their perception changes abruptly; a single moment in their life when they come to a sudden realization. In Langston Hughes Salvation, contrary to all expectations, a young Hughes is not saved by Jesus, but is saved from his own innocence. Salvation is the story of a young boy who has an experience of revelation. 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Human Anatomy And The Physiology Of The Body At The...

Born into a family of engineers and accountants, a career in medicine did not immediately strike me as the obvious choice until high school. Being a recreational gymnast for most of my life, I have always been fascinated with human anatomy. However, I discovered my interest in science after taking an advanced biology class with a dissection component which made me awestruck, appreciate the anatomy and made me want to study the physiology of the body at the molecular scale. Dissections demanded a precision which enticed the artist in me. While still in high school in India, I discovered that I exceptionally enjoyed being with people and making them feel better in any capacity whether it was volunteering with blood drives or a school for deaf and speech impaired children. It struck me that there was a vast need for people to be in every corner of the earth helped whether they were ill, homeless, or depressed and lonely. I was intrigued by medicine towards the end of high school and the desire to become a physician was confirmed in freshman year of college. When I moved to Canada for undergraduate school, I furthered my interest in science by tutoring, as I enjoyed educating people and going on research laboratory rotations for a couple of weeks. A supervisor at one of the labs mentioned that my skill set would be much better suited for medicine than for bench science because she felt I was not able to fully emerge on account of me being unable to use some of the skills IShow MoreRelatedOverview Of Chemistry766 Words   |  4 Pageslonger functional parts of the body. Through this discovery, our understanding of the human body alongside its healing process would not only be expanded, but could further uncover more efficient methods of improving our health in swift manners. 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A Clean WellLighted Place by Ernest Hemmingway Essay Example For Students

A Clean WellLighted Place by Ernest Hemmingway Essay A Clean Well-Lighted Place, written by Ernest Hemmingway, takes place after 2am in a Spanish caf where the characters a young waiter and an older waiter work, and a deaf man is a regular customer. The title, A Clean Well-Lighted Place, refers to the caf where the story takes place. The night (or early morning) this story takes place, the young waiter is in a rush to get home to his wife. Although the caf is not closed yet, the young waiter lies to the deaf man, saying the caf is closed, and forces the deaf man to leave early. Following this incident, the older waiter protests the younger waiters actions by explaining why the old man spends so much time alone in the caf during the evenings. After his explanation, the older waiter goes on to explain that he spends his life in much the same way as the deaf man because he too is lonely. The character of the older waiter and his response to the younger waiters treatment of the deaf man as well as his account of his loneliness are major co ntributors to the theme: with age comes loneliness. Although the characters of the deaf man and the young waiter are important parts of the story because they are personalities the older waiter uses to tell his account of his loneliness, the character of the older waiter contributes most to the overall theme. It is the older waiter whose point of view the narrator tells the story and through the older waiters point of view his deep feelings of loneliness become apparent . While closing the caf and after the younger waiter left, the older waiter continues his conversation (in his head) with the young waiter about the deaf man in the following speech. . .he continued the conversation with himself the older waiter . . . What did he fear? It was not fear or dread. It was a nothing that he knew too well. It was all a nothing and a man was nothing too. It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanliness and order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew it all was nada y pues nada y nada y pues nada . (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)While the older waiter is referring to the deaf man in this passage, it is obvious he knows all too well exactly what the deaf man is feeling. The older waiter goes on, replacing words of the Lords Prayer with nada (the Spanish word for nothing) and further deepening the belief that he too is completely forlorn:Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada; pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with thee (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)After completing this speech and allowing the reader this awful glimpse into his perception of life, the waiter then goes a bar. While the older waiters version of the Lords Prayer confirms the notion that he feels life is made of nothing, it is earlier in the story where the waiter acknowledges his belief that age causes his loneliness. This is noticeable in his conversation with the younger waiter: Why didnt you let him stay and drink? the unhurried waiter asked the older waiter. . .its not half past two. The young waiter answers the older waiter saying he wants to get home early to is wife. Whats an hour? The older waiter says More to me than to him. Says the young waiter You talk like an old man yourself . . . .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .postImageUrl , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:hover , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:visited , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:active { border:0!important; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:active , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Great Gatsby - The Characters EssayAnd you? You have no fear of going home before the usual hour?No . . . says the young waiter . . .I have confidence. I am all confidence. You have youth, confidence, and a job, the older waiter said. You have everything. And what do you lack? . . . You have everything I have. No. I have never had confidence and I am not young. (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)This conversation actualizes the theme, with age comes loneliness. In addition to the older waiters conversation with the younger waiter as well as his version of the Lords Prayer, the waiter also explains the need for a clean, well-lighted place, immediately symbolizing the caf. The meaning of the title A Clean Well-Lighted Place is explained by the older waiter once his stream of consciousness takes over after he closes the caf. . . . Turning off the electric light he continued the conversation with himself. It is the light of course but it is necessary that the place be clean and pleasant. You do not want music. Certainly you do not want music. Nor can you stand before a bar with dignity although that is all that is provided for these hours. (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)With this explanation, the older waiter allows the reader to understand why a place like the caf is necessary for those that live as dismal as he does. By using the title A Clean Well-Lighted Place to refer to the caf and allowing the older waiter to explain why the caf deserves such a title, Ernest Hemmingway symbolizes the caf. Through this explanation, the older waiter leads the reader to conclude that this is not just a caf, it is an island of refuge from night, chaos, loneliness, and old age (p.218, Gioia and Kennedy) as well as the theme that age brings loneliness. Although the message conveyed by A Clean Well-Lighted Place is age causes loneliness or age brings about loneliness, that message is not constantly true (there are too many people in the world for anyone to pass that type of judgment). However, in this particular story, age brings about loneliness is a theme that may be true to many people. Nevertheless the fact remains that in A Clean Well-Lighted Place the older waiters actions and his personal thoughts as well as the symbol of the caf leads to the overall message that with age comes loneliness. Bibliography:Gioia, Dana and X.J. Kennedy. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 7th edition. New York: Longman, 1999