The Debate on Austerity

The Debate on Austerity The selection of severity post the budgetary emergency in 2010 by the UK government is vigorously discussed. This article assesses the contentions for and against this financial withdrawal pondering on the applied and conceivable financial approach measures and the impediments of money related arrangement after the monetary boost gave in 2008. At the point when the lodging bubble burst and Lehman Brothers crumbled in 2008, the subprime contract emergency amplified into a worldwide budgetary emergency. Governments needed to surge in and spare banks. If not, the fall of open trust in the financial framework would have made the issue unquestionably progressively serious. Huge monetary boost bundles were rolled out to pad the blow. Be that as it may, for to what extent would an administration take further obligation for expansionary monetary strategy? They could have proceeded to increment open use to make up for the fall in private consumption as per the Keynesian hypothesis. Or on the other hand increment reserve funds, let the compensation rate drop and have the interest ascend because of a value advantage over the long haul (Hayek, 2006). By 2010, United Kingdom’s national obligation arrived at 75.6% of its GDP (Eurostat). Had security yields expanded because of falling business sector certainty, the financial circumstance would have been more awful off. It would suggest that the hazard related with government bonds is higher and have negative ramifications about the government’s believability, all raising the expense of open obligation later on. Subsequently, in the 2010 decisions, the battles of both the Conservative and Labor parties proposed decreasing the financial shortage. Nobody supported further improvement and severity was embraced. The UK government dreaded a Greek-style emergency. A nation having borrowings in its own cash and a well disposed national bank might not need to fear open obligation so much. It could generally keep a control on loan fees or delay reimbursement by giving new bonds. Be that as it may, at that point legislative head of the Bank of England, Mervyn King, seemed to support severity. It stays unsure in the event that he would have endorsed further quantitative facilitating. Normally, national banks diminish loan costs to invigorate the economy in such conditions. Lower loan costs advance utilization which would have diminished because of lower monetary use. The drop in loan costs from 5.5% in 2008 to 0.5% produced  £350 billion to infuse into the economy (Giles, 2018). In any case, with financing costs at a record-breaking low of 0.5% since 2009, there wasn’t much that should be possible on the money related strategy front (Bank of England). The drop in loan costs from 5.5% in 2008 to 0.5% produced  £350 billion to infuse into the economy. the Value Added Tax (Tank) was raised to 20% and open use was chopped to cut down the shortage (Finch, 2010:1). The blend of extra income and a lower shortage would chop down the requirement for additional obligation and help administration the current. Grave spending choices brought down the government assistance consumption. The work level diminished as a result of lower government consumption. Accordingly, request plunged thus did the total national output. High vulnerability had brought down the open certainty. The GDP development rate was inadequate to counter the contracting in the economy brought about by grimness. Global Monetary Fund (2012) cautioned that the nation may confront lasting harm to its gainful limit if similar arrangements were proceeded. The government’s charge incomes endured a shot inferable from lower yield. This brought about a higher obligation to GDP proportion as the budgetary deficiency developed. As genuine wages of open part laborers and neighborhood chamber spending plans fell, vagrancy and dependence on food banks rose. Social consideration for the old was contrarily affected and help from Red Cross was brought in to bear the expanded weight on the NHS (Gillett, 2017). Imprint Blyth (2013) n oticed that there was divergence in the effect of gravity across various degrees of society. He called attention to that the results were felt all the more seriously by the bigger portion of open assistance clients who didn’t have enough riches to counter the cut in government assistance spending.â In principle, falling shortfall would bring about lower burdens later on. This should increment buyer trust in the economy. Be that as it may, studies of severity fault the government for the diving utilization levels. They accept the administration ought to have proceeded with quantitative facilitating when the private spending shrank. Pay rates fall with falling open use. This gives the economy an expense advantage when contrasted with its rivals in the worldwide markets. To profit by this, it is important that outside interest for the locally delivers products increments. In any case, numerous Eurozone were executing starkness themselves and in this manner, there was no considerable increment in outside interest for British products. Besides, nations like China had incited a monetary boost in their economies notwithstanding not having been affected as incredibly by the emergency. Subsequently, there was at that point enough flexibly in the market for any nation to profit by rising interest.  There was maybe not once cause to the declining buyer spending in the UK. While UK’s own monetary arrangement changed in 2010, the financial condition comprehensively was additionally affected by a few nations presenting strategy changes. The product costs changed and the Federal Save was keeping worldwide rates low, all of which had some effect on the UK economy (Buttonwood, 2015). Despite the falling utilization, there was a need to decrease government use to lessen the deficiency. Further monetary upgrade, after what was presented during the budgetary emergency, would have driven to a sharp increment in government obligation. Such a high obligation level would make financial strategy impractical and reimbursement testing (Emmerson, Keynes and Tetlow, 2013). As far as genuine aggregate spending, the cut wasn’t as much from 2010 to 2015. Britain’s general aggregate payment as a level of national pay were the third most elevated among the G6 countries between 2007 to 2009 and remained so in 2013 (OECD, 2014). Annualized normal genuine increment in spending on standardized savings and wellbeing rose what's more, genuine spending on working age and beneficiary advantages developed among 2010 and 2013 (Keynes and Tetlow, 2014: 16-17). The economy’s recuperation in 2013-2014 started another discussion. Had grimness worked or was it the outcome of strategy modification in 2012? Klein (2015) attested the development was a consequence of a inversion from grimness. Smith (2015) invalidated, expressing that the legislature was still grim in going through choices with the monetary fixing being bigger than 3% of GDP. Krugman (2015), in any case, kept up that deserting further monetary cuts following two years of somberness prompted the financial development. Regardless of whether the economy would have been in a superior situation without grimness will stay obscure. What can be closed however is that somberness was not a financial need at that point. Be that as it may, with UK’s maturing populace, government assistance use will just increment in the future. Such a government assistance top will get vital for better arrangement choices as the weight on NHS and open administrations heightens. Proceeded with quantitative facilitating in 2010 would have made open funds progressively unreasonable and monetary starkness in future progressively radical. Spending cuts or higher assessments, regardless at the point when, will consistently be met with overwhelming analysis. Henceforth, a created nation with maturing populace could target expanding wellsprings of salary, diminishing pay disparities and decreasing the reliance on government assistance consumption. Catalog Bank of England [online] Available from: http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/iadb/Repo.asp (Gotten to 24 April 2018) Blyth, M. The Austerity Delusion. Remote Issues [online] Available from: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2013-04-03/severity dream (Gotten to 15 April 2018) Buttonwood (2015) What is somberness?. The Business analyst [online] Available from: https://www.economist.com/sites/buttonwood/2015/05/financial approach (Gotten to 15 April 2018) Emmerson, C. and Keynes, S. and Tetlow, G. (2013) Public accounts: standpoint and dangers. The IFS Green Budget: February 2013. London: Foundation for Fiscal Studies. Accessible from: http://www.ifs.org.uk/financial plans/gb2013/GB3013_Ch5.pdf Eurostat [online] Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=sdg_17_40&plugin=1 (Accessed 24 April 2018) Finch, J. (2010) Budget 2010: VAT ascend to 20% ‘could cause twofold plunge recession’. The Guardian [online] Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/jun/22/tank rise-downturn fears (Gotten to 15 April 2018) Giles, C. (2018) Bank of England shields reaction to money related emergency after analysis. Monetary Times [online] Accessible from: https://www.ft.com/content/4231c5a0-3caf-11e8-b9f9-de94fa33a81e (Gotten to 24 April 2018). Gillett, F. (2017) NHS brings in Red Cross volunteers and staff in the midst of helpful emergency. Night Standard [online] Accessible from: https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/nhs-brings in-red-cross-volunteers-and-staff-in the midst of helpful emergency a3434901.html (Gotten to 15 April 2018) Hayek, F. A. (2006) The Paradox of Saving. [online] Accessible structure: https://mises.org/library/conundrum sparing (Gotten to 15 April 2018) Worldwide Financial Fund (2012) United Kingdom : Staff Report for the 2012 Article IV Consultation. [online] Available from: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2016/12/31/United-Kingdom-Staff-Report-for-the-2012-Article-IV-Consultation-26083 (Gotten to 15 April 2018) Keynes, S. and Tetlow, G. (2014) Survey of open spending in the UK. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies. Accessible from: https://www.ifs.org.uk/distributions/1791 Klein, M. W. (2015) Eurozone Recovery and Exercises About Austerity. The Wall Street Journal [online] Available from: https://www.bl

Long-run Determinants of Exchange Rates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Since quite a while ago run Determinants of Exchange Rates - Essay Example There are a few factors that are mindful in deciding conversion scale in any nation. Trade rates show the estimation of a nation's cash through which it can purchase other nation's monetary forms. Each nation needs stable remote swapping scale to exchange uninhibitedly. Conversion standard may get influenced through different things. There are two systems concerning conversion scale which can either be fixed or adaptable. In fixed swapping scale systems, the money rates don't move openly. In any case, in adaptable swapping scale framework, the cash rates are influenced by various factors winning in an economy. The macroeconomic elements that influence trade rates are variable essentially and in this manner assume an incredible job in deciding trade rates. Governments and Central Banks particularly use these macroeconomic elements to keep up an ideal degree of swapping scale in the economy. These macroeconomic elements may prompt incredible variances in return rates both in short and since a long time ago run. The components that decide conversion scale over the long haul incorporate imports/trades, money related stuns, swelling, request/gracefully pressures, remote stores, financial profitability and government spending and so forth. The investigation of components deciding conversion scale over the long haul is significant in order to comprehend the explanations behind which the cash rates acknowledge or devalue. This paper shed light on the variables deciding trade rates over the long haul and assesses these conversion standard determinants. It expounds and gives thorough comprehension of elements that can make the estimation of a cash vacillate. DETERMINANTS OF EXCHANGE RATE IN LONG RUN Trade rates enormously connote a nation's general financial position and exchanging possibilities. These rates portray a nation's situation regarding its money's cost as for that of the other. These are for the most part the rates at which monetary forms could be purchased and sold. Trades rates greatly affect other financial factors of a nation, for example, cash flexibly, exchange development, imports, fares and loan fees and so forth. In a similar vein, there are a few considers that cause variances a money's trade rates. These determinants of remote trade rates might be outer or interior and will in general assume an extraordinary job in making changes money rates. A portion of these components either happen in the short run while a few reason swapping scale changes over the long haul. The remainder of the paper explains and assesses the different determinants of cash conversion standard over the long haul. Fares and Imports Nations having less imports and more fares normally have high trade rates. In a similar manner, nations having a lower inclination to send out and have imports will in general have exchange shortages. Current record excess and shortage assume a critical job in deciding conversion scale of a specific nation. The components structure urgent components of a nation's GDP. Equalization of installment in the receipt side shows the exchange overflow and along these lines puts the positive effects on swapping scale while the parity of installment in the installment side mirrors the exchange deficiency or misfortune which puts the negative effect on trade

The Importance of Using 5 Paragraph Essay Samples For Middle School Students

The Importance of Using 5 Paragraph Essay Samples For Middle School StudentsThere are many different essay samples for middle school students but most of them only focus on one area. This is not a problem as the topic could be very general, which could lead to lots of difficult writing. Students who just rely on one topic for an essay will usually find that they have difficulty.Some of the most important types of essay samples for middle school students include biographies, novels, short stories, books, newspapers, and music. These are all written by professionals so students will find a lot of information in the essay. The students will also find it very interesting which is one reason why they are needed.Most of the other essay samples are written by students in middle school. These are generally small essays on a variety of topics so the students will not get bored with them. This is good for students who just want to get started with writing as they may find it difficult for olde r students to do.An excellent way to find essay samples for middle school students is through the internet. There are lots of ways in which a student can find writing samples as well as to see how many of them have already been written by other students. This means that a student will get to see how easy or difficult their own essay will be.It is also easier to find essay samples for middle school students because the topics tend to be more common. For example, biographies often take place in the lives of famous people. There is also a lot of information in this type of essay.Novels and books have a wide range of topics which means there is a lot of information available. A student can find several different types of essay samples including biographies, novels, histories, and classics. Since the topics are so large, this is the best way to learn about what essay topics will work best for them.One of the great things about writing essays is that they can be very enjoyable and excitin g because there are a variety of different topics that students can choose from when looking for essay samples. This is a good way for them to begin learning how to write essays. This type of writing is especially important for middle school students as they begin to realize what they want to do with their life.Students can find a variety of essay samples by using the internet. They can easily check out the different ones they like and make their decision based on that. This is much better than trying to read a pile of papers that contain the same essay topics so they need to find the best essay samples.

Apple Inc. Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2754 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Business Essay Level High school Tags: Apple Inc Essay Did you like this example? Introduction: It is no secret that Apple Inc. is one of the most successful companies worldwide, however, many individuals believe that they remain the best company in the world, (https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-run-your-company-like-apple-2012-2). In order to receive a reputation this strong, both your business plan and style must be perfected. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Apple Inc. Management" essay for you Create order It is easy for outsiders to take a look at the success levels that Apple Inc. has met and provide feedback as a satisfied consumer, however, taking a look at the inside operations of Apple Inc. will leave individuals impressed as well. The management style that Apple chooses to implement is a very effective style and it opens the organization to a great deal of opportunity. Organizational Structure Design Considering all aspects of competition and the need to remain ahead of opponents, Apple takes the confidentiality aspect very seriously. When Steve Jobs was present within the organization, he was very keen when it came to privacy and keeping new ideas under the radar. Making sure that the ideas generated within the organization remained inside the corporation was very important in regards to staying ahead of the competitors; it still is very important today, even with Steve Jobs out of the organizational structure. The CEO of the company plays a very dominant part when it comes to organizational structure. The CEO, Tim Cook, provides guidance and structure for the next tier of employees, which happens to make up the executive team for Apple Inc.. Cook also has a direct communication with VPs whom report to Cook. After the tier of six individuals who fill the position of VPs that are reporting to Cook, falls the majority of the VPs for Apple Inc. which refer to the VPs one tier up for assistance or guidance. The type of structure that Jobs had implemented into Apple Inc. was very unique at the time and seemed to be very effective in the sense of success. Everything that went into and out of the corporation went directly through Steve Jobs office. The way that this is set up provides the CEO with the majority of duties and some individuals had said to believe that all of the company-drive should be split up and weighed out a little differently. (https://intothelook.wordpress.com/2013/11/24/organizational-structure-of-apple/) The VPs within the organization provide a good example of function-based grouping, (https://panmore.com/apple-inc-organizational-structure-features-pros-cons) which means that each individual has a task, or business function, in which they are focused on. This provides a sense of expertise for just about every business function within the organization. On the other hand, the lower tier take on a product-based grouping (https://panmore.com/apple-inc-organizational-structure-features-pros-cons) theme that uses a vice president for both different outputs and inputs. Steve Jobs had it set up in a way that he had the final say in a lot of decision-making and a ton of responsibility in regards to the process of innovation and creation. When Tim Cook took over, he implemented a few changes that were focused primarily around the level of collaboration. Rather than Tim Cook having the first and final say on controversial or decision-making issues, more employees now have a say. Though Tim Cook still has the spoke-and-wheel hierarchy (https://panmore.com/apple-inc-organizational-structure-features-pros-cons) feel within the workplace, the small alterations made seem to be showing a positive effect on Apple Inc. The type of departmentalization in which Apple implements is territorial departmentalization, which in more simple meaning, stands for an organization that chooses to group products by product line. Apple incorporates a high level of departmentalization. There are a handful of advantages, along with a handful of disadvantages that go alongside departmentalization by territories. An advantage that belongs to territorial departmentalization is that it places responsibility at a lower level [and] places emphasis on local markets and problems, (https://iedunote.com/departmentalization-by-territory.), while a disadvantage could be considered the fact that you must maintain a handful of employees that provide expertise in their abilities to be an effective manager. INTER/INTRA ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSESS Over the years, Apple Inc. has adopted a mechanistic organization versus an organic organization; this was inherited by the centralization within the organization and the standardization aspect that Apple heavily relies on. Apple easily applies the mechanistic structure into their organization due to their mass-production of technology-based products and their chosen and developed leadership style. Strategy The Porter Analysis is done by analyzing five aspects of a business, these aspects are: industry rivalries, the threat of new entries, the power of suppliers, the power of customers and the threat of substitutes. Being such a technology-based company in such a tech-based era, Apple has encountered a handful of successful competitors; this takes a little bit of power away from Apple. Though Apple has remained on top of their competitors thus far, they must remain reasonable in a sense of pricing and staying fair due to the ability for consumers to make purchases from their common competitors, such as Samsung. In regards to the potential of new entrants, Apple sits pretty comfortably. It would not be feasible for a company to start up in such a technology-based market and end up level with Apple. The market that Apple Inc. lies in would take both a great deal of time and a great deal of money for a competitor to enter. Apple provides a decent barrier, which is attractive to the investors eye. The power of customers is driven by a handful of aspects such as how many buyers or customers a company has, how significant each customer is, and how much it would cost a customer to switch from one company to another, (https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/porter.asp). Apple Inc. holds a pretty dominant stand when taking a look at the number of consumers that they have. Apple provides very good quality products to their consumers, so the cost in switching from one company to another may not be a smart decision considering the decrease in quality that they could be taking. The power of suppliers may be Apples biggest downfall. Apple has a lengthy list of suppliers that are located both in and out of the United States. Considering that Apple relies on 200+ suppliers, their suppliers hold a lot of power, however, they do have a lengthy list, which spreads out the amount that Apple depends on each individual supplier. Apple has a comfortable stand in regards to the threat of substitutes. Apple provides consumers with very high quality products that can perform a handful of tasks; therefore it would not be easy or feasible to find a product that can out-perform an Apple Inc. product. Of the five forces that the Porter Analysis takes into account, this would be one of Apples most comfortable positions. CEO Tim Cook implemented Apples most current vision statement: We believe that we are on the face of the earth to make great products and thats not changing. We are constantly focusing on innovating. We believe in the simple not the complex. We believe that we need to own and control the primary technologies behind the products that we make, and participate only in markets where we can make a significant contribution. We believe in saying no to thousands of projects, so that we can really focus on the few that are truly important and meaningful to us. We believe in deep collaboration and cross-pollination of our groups, which allow us to innovate in a way that others cannot. And frankly, we dont settle for anything less than excellence in every group in the company, and we have the self- honesty to admit when were wrong and the courage to change. And I think regardless of who is in what job those values are so embedded in this company that Apple will do extremely well. Apple is a company that will continue reaching for success and growth within their profitable organization, the vision statement implemented really breaks that down and simplifies it in a sense of what the company values and is looking to obtain. The vision statement is a very detailed piece of work that puts into perspective their business plan and marketing strategies. Apples mission statement has also been a piece of work that underwent changes and alterations over the years. The current mission statement is: Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App store, and is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices with iPad. Within the mission statement, Apple is outlining all of the devices that they are well known for. They used this opportunity to capitalize on what they do and the quality products that they put out while attempting to out-shine their competition. Apple makes their intentions for the future of their organization very clear within the mission statement, they are in a sense saying that they are not done taking steps forward and they will continue to further develop as time goes on. Apples mission statement is a very powerful piece of work and it was designed to outshine competitors. Apple is a company that takes their corporate social responsibilities (CSR) very seriously, as just about any multinational company attempts to do. Apple has greatly satisfied and fulfilled their company stakeholders and their CSR. Apples success is largely influenced by their stakeholder groups, which consist of their consumers, employees, investors and employees of suppliers and distributors (https://panmore.com/apple-inc-stakeholders-csr-analysis). Apple puts a huge emphasis on the satisfaction of their stakeholders. Consumers remain categorized as Apples highest level of importance. They aim to keep their consumers satisfied and are constantly looking out for the next best thing that Apple Inc. has up its sleeves. Apple also strives to preserve everything that is produced at an acceptable price level. Apple also takes part in a handful of programs, such as one for recycling, which provides reassurance of corporate social responsibilities. Apple puts their employees as their second priority in a sense of their stakeholders. These stakeholders remain loyal based on compensation and career development. Apple strives to treat their employees very well and they provide competitive wages, along with great opportunities for development. Not only does Apple Inc. provide competitive wages and great career development aspects, they also provide very good compensation packages to their employees. Investors also remain very important to Apple, as they do any corporation. Apple Inc. provides their investors with very appealing aspects in regards to investing such as high profit margins and very strong and competitive financial positioning. It becomes very attractive to investors when a company is labeled as one of the most lucrative companies worldwide. As previously mentioned, Apple also takes their CSR very seriously, which is yet another aspect that attracts investors. Apples employees of suppliers and distributors make up the indirect stakeholders that the company preserves. These individuals are treated comparably to their employees; they receive competitive wages and countless benefits. Apple looks out for their employees and their suppliers and distributors by making sure that they are well taken care of. Apple has a Supplier Code of Conduct. The company monitors and imposes requirements on the employment practices of firms in its supply chain. Part of Apples policy is to terminate business relations with suppliers that continue to fail or refuse to satisfy this Code of Conduct. Apples 2014 assessment of suppliers shows that 92% of suppliers now comply with the 60-hour workweek rule, (https://panmore.com/apple-inc-stakeholders-csr-analysis). Apples industry strategy The corporate strategy that makes Apple stand apart from their competitors is differentiation in various aspects. Apple strives to create a product of quality that is going to stand out to consumers. Not only is the American multinational technology company striving to create a product that will stand out, however, they are also putting a huge emphasis on market expansion. Apple products are created with such advanced technology that leaves consumers very satisfied. Apples firm-level strategies. Leadership Tim Cook takes on and displays the situational leadership theory, meaning that there is not one, singular leadership theory that he goes by. Cook alters the style of leadership that he is going to take on regarding various factors such as the magnitude of the issue, the segment that he is working with and the sequential order of events. However, until Cook recently altered the leadership style that Apple implemented, Jobs had put into effect an unconventional leadership style, he strived to push employees to think deeper, using more complexity and he was very blunt to criticize. Both leadership styles have contributed to the great level of success that Apple Inc. has encountered. As many successful businesses, Apple considers Maslows hierarchy of needs and places a heavy focus on the needs listed. Apple takes all-levels into high consideration. They have fulfilled their employee needs of physiological by setting an average salary of $108,483 which basically can ensure survival, (https://managementofapple.wordpress.com/motivation/), this is a very high average pay and can undoubtedly ensure survival factors. As mentioned earlier, Apple Inc. also provides their employees with incomparable benefits, which also meets priority needs alongside a competitive salary. While Apple meets Maslows lower-order, important needs, they also meet the higher-order needs. Apple provides a great deal of positive feedback to their employees, not only feedback, but employees can also receive salary increases and bonuses for preforming well on the job. Apple takes recognition within their organization very seriously and will not hesitate to reward an outstanding employee, which meets the sense of self-actualization on Maslows hierarchy. Any company that places such a threat on competitors within the market segment must provide their employees with a high level of motivation in order to ensure that they are providing their best work for the company. Human Resources Apple has a very successful human resources department with very exclusive techniques, of which they actually prefer to release minimal information on. Apples HR representatives are trained to put an immense amount of effort into recruiting; they spend a lot of time recruiting the most superior employees from other firms, frequently competitors (https://management-training-guru.com/2013/12/hr-strategy-at-apple-make-their-employees-creative-and-innovative/). Apple displays their open job opportunities on their company website as well to provide a competitive entry and appeal to all individuals. Apple incorporates a different style of training than a lot of other companies; they actually hold a number of training classes referred to as Apple University. Throughout Apple University, you learn the ins-and-outs of the company, all of the way from the history to the perceived future. Upon completion, you receive a diploma that recognizes your contribution to the training and development program. Though this seems to be a different style of training and development, it has definitely seemed to be effective ever since the university was put into play. As far as the performance appraisal process within the organization goes, the individuals who are deemed to be the best fit for the position are selected and are moved into the interview process, where they will start of with a practical exam and their skill sets will be evaluated. If the exam goes well and their skills seem to meet the level that Apple is searching for within the employee, they will go through rounds of face-to-face interviewing, where levels will depend on the position in which the individual is applying for. After being selected for the position, an employee for Apple will sit down with them and go over the benefits, pay and a further job description. After the individual accepts the job, they will take place in training and will in due time be moved into their given position where they will be evaluated again. (https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-recruiting-and-hiring-process-of-Apple-How-does-one-contact-their-HR-department) My Perspective I personally would unquestionably be interested in joining Apple Inc. as an employee. I believe that they treat their employees very well and the benefits are incomparable. Their training and development opportunity is very appealing to me as well. The aspect of Apple Inc. that I liked the most is that employees receive recognition and even benefits and/or advancements for their hard work within the organization. The aspect that I disliked the most was the fact that the hiring process seems to be very long and in a sense drug out, however, that is to be expected when applying to be a part of such an exceptional corporation.

Short Essay On Langston Hughes - 738 Words

Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance mounted an early 20th Century movement in which authors and artists of color discovered what it means to be an artist, what it means to be black, and what it means to be American, and what it means to be all of these things at the same time. The Harlem Renaissance began just after the first World War and lasted into the early years of the Great Depression. Like the European Renaissance, the Harlem Renaissance was a social and political movement, but also an artistic one. Artistic movements such literature, music, ethnography, drama, poetry, and publishing were all avenues of expression amongst African-Americans risen from the Harlem Renaissance. Langston Hughes wrote about this time, stating â€Å"the†¦show more content†¦In the short first stanza, Hughes expresses that he has known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins. From this early point in the point in the ballad, pictures of the channels of veins that keep running all through the human body and in addition comparative pictures of streams that breeze around and are molded like veins shape our understanding that this lyric is about more than blood or water, it is about roots and circuits. Like veins or streams, roots run profound and contort sporadically through the medium in which they are planted. The antiquated waterways the speaker talks of resemble the blood in veins or the roots under trees since they give sustenance and can give and bolster life. This is later upheld when the speaker examines early developments that flourished off the stream framework, along these lines the subject of roots has a double significance. â€Å"I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young / I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled it me to sleep which makes the peruser mindful that the â€Å"ancient rivers talked about before are the roots both regarding history and in addition physically. The subject of streams is proceeded in the accom panying lines where the speaker subtle elements looking along the Nile and afterward hearing singing inShow MoreRelatedEssay on James Langston Hughes891 Words   |  4 Pages (February 1, 1902 - May 22, 1967) Born in Joplin, Missouri, James Langston Hughes was born into an abolitionist family. He was the grandson of grandson of Charles Henry Langston, the brother of John Mercer Langston, who was the the first Black American to be elected to public office in 1855. 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Human Anatomy And The Physiology Of The Body At The...

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A Clean WellLighted Place by Ernest Hemmingway Essay Example For Students

A Clean WellLighted Place by Ernest Hemmingway Essay A Clean Well-Lighted Place, written by Ernest Hemmingway, takes place after 2am in a Spanish caf where the characters a young waiter and an older waiter work, and a deaf man is a regular customer. The title, A Clean Well-Lighted Place, refers to the caf where the story takes place. The night (or early morning) this story takes place, the young waiter is in a rush to get home to his wife. Although the caf is not closed yet, the young waiter lies to the deaf man, saying the caf is closed, and forces the deaf man to leave early. Following this incident, the older waiter protests the younger waiters actions by explaining why the old man spends so much time alone in the caf during the evenings. After his explanation, the older waiter goes on to explain that he spends his life in much the same way as the deaf man because he too is lonely. The character of the older waiter and his response to the younger waiters treatment of the deaf man as well as his account of his loneliness are major co ntributors to the theme: with age comes loneliness. Although the characters of the deaf man and the young waiter are important parts of the story because they are personalities the older waiter uses to tell his account of his loneliness, the character of the older waiter contributes most to the overall theme. It is the older waiter whose point of view the narrator tells the story and through the older waiters point of view his deep feelings of loneliness become apparent . While closing the caf and after the younger waiter left, the older waiter continues his conversation (in his head) with the young waiter about the deaf man in the following speech. . .he continued the conversation with himself the older waiter . . . What did he fear? It was not fear or dread. It was a nothing that he knew too well. It was all a nothing and a man was nothing too. It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanliness and order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew it all was nada y pues nada y nada y pues nada . (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)While the older waiter is referring to the deaf man in this passage, it is obvious he knows all too well exactly what the deaf man is feeling. The older waiter goes on, replacing words of the Lords Prayer with nada (the Spanish word for nothing) and further deepening the belief that he too is completely forlorn:Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from nada; pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with thee (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)After completing this speech and allowing the reader this awful glimpse into his perception of life, the waiter then goes a bar. While the older waiters version of the Lords Prayer confirms the notion that he feels life is made of nothing, it is earlier in the story where the waiter acknowledges his belief that age causes his loneliness. This is noticeable in his conversation with the younger waiter: Why didnt you let him stay and drink? the unhurried waiter asked the older waiter. . .its not half past two. The young waiter answers the older waiter saying he wants to get home early to is wife. Whats an hour? The older waiter says More to me than to him. Says the young waiter You talk like an old man yourself . . . .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .postImageUrl , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:hover , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:visited , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:active { border:0!important; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:active , .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1d635b24b7aefddcf32a2dc9a7d2bbe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Great Gatsby - The Characters EssayAnd you? You have no fear of going home before the usual hour?No . . . says the young waiter . . .I have confidence. I am all confidence. You have youth, confidence, and a job, the older waiter said. You have everything. And what do you lack? . . . You have everything I have. No. I have never had confidence and I am not young. (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)This conversation actualizes the theme, with age comes loneliness. In addition to the older waiters conversation with the younger waiter as well as his version of the Lords Prayer, the waiter also explains the need for a clean, well-lighted place, immediately symbolizing the caf. The meaning of the title A Clean Well-Lighted Place is explained by the older waiter once his stream of consciousness takes over after he closes the caf. . . . Turning off the electric light he continued the conversation with himself. It is the light of course but it is necessary that the place be clean and pleasant. You do not want music. Certainly you do not want music. Nor can you stand before a bar with dignity although that is all that is provided for these hours. (p.144, Gioia and Kennedy)With this explanation, the older waiter allows the reader to understand why a place like the caf is necessary for those that live as dismal as he does. By using the title A Clean Well-Lighted Place to refer to the caf and allowing the older waiter to explain why the caf deserves such a title, Ernest Hemmingway symbolizes the caf. Through this explanation, the older waiter leads the reader to conclude that this is not just a caf, it is an island of refuge from night, chaos, loneliness, and old age (p.218, Gioia and Kennedy) as well as the theme that age brings loneliness. Although the message conveyed by A Clean Well-Lighted Place is age causes loneliness or age brings about loneliness, that message is not constantly true (there are too many people in the world for anyone to pass that type of judgment). However, in this particular story, age brings about loneliness is a theme that may be true to many people. Nevertheless the fact remains that in A Clean Well-Lighted Place the older waiters actions and his personal thoughts as well as the symbol of the caf leads to the overall message that with age comes loneliness. Bibliography:Gioia, Dana and X.J. Kennedy. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 7th edition. New York: Longman, 1999

Mary Magdalene Christian Work of Early Women of the Church

ronald regan essays

ronald regan essays 40th president of the United States (1981-1989) Ronald Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois. In a family of 3 boys he was the youngest. His father was a traveling shoe salesman. Reagan's mother taught Reagan how to read at an early age, which heavily influenced him positively. Most of Reagan's childhood was spent in Dixon, Illinois. Reagan attended and graduated from Eureka College a small religious school around Peoria, Illinois. He majored in economics, and he was president of the student body, a player on the football team, and captain of the swimming team. He also looked toward acting, but when Reagan graduated the only available related to show business was a local radio sportscaster. In 1936 Reagan became a sportscaster for station WHO in Des Moines, Iowa. 1937 Reagan went to Hollywood and began to work as an actor he starred in more then 50 films like Knute Rockne-All American, kings Row, and Bedtime for Bonzo. He married actress Jane Wyman and they had two children. After eight years of marriage they got divorced and Reagan remarried Nancy Davis. They had two children. Reagan's first political activities were associated with his responsibilities as a union leader. As union president, Reagan tried to remove suspected Communists from the movie industry. When the U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities began an investigation in 1947 on the influence of Communists in the film industry, Reagan took a strong anti-Communist stand testifying before the committee. As governor or California, Reagan became one of several widely known conservative politicians who wanted to slow down government involvement in the economy and society. In 1968 Reagans first term as governor, he decided to run for presidency. He lost to Nixon. After completing his term as governor, Reagan decided to run for president again. This time he challenged Gerald Ford for the 1976 presid ...

An Individual decision making process analysis project Essay

An Individual decision making process analysis project - Essay Example This business project involves the provision of catering service to people who intend to hold parties at their houses. This might involve anybody from young children, teenagers and adults. Also all sorts of catering services required will be made available via the workforce available from the company. The reason why the ‘time to party’ project looks viable is that many people like to have parties in the present time. However, most of these people do not have the time and manpower to organize and execute such a celebration. However, they might have the cash to pay for the service and that is where this project fits in. however, there is one unique feature about this business that separates if form the others. Time to party will prepare the ordered food away from the party venue and transport it there. This will help to avoid privacy invasion and will reduce the amount of activities in the venue. This will also help utilize other resources that are not in the venue but are available in the company. This is therefore an investment with a bright future. Business objectives There are two main objectives that the ‘time to party’ project aims to achieve. I. Make good profits from the catering services provided. II. Become the biggest home catering services in Sheffield The enlisted objectives provide just but the big picture. All will agree that much profits means expansion of the business. When the business expands and the name is well established, there will be much room for development in this project. In addition, becoming the biggest catering company will allow room for capacity to hold many events at once without breaking a sweat thus better profitability. Competitors In the world of business, there will always be other businesses to battle with for the market share and reputation. This greatly affects not only the profitability of the project, but the ability to run efficiently and stay in the same market segment. There are seven cater ing service providing companies in Sheffield I. Organic fusion II. The tiffin company III. Carols catering service limited IV. The milestone on the move V. Hazels catering limited VI. Coco catering limited VII. Deli venture catering limited The largest competitor for the ‘time to party’ project is the coco catering limited. This is a well-organized and well-funded business institution. They have a high profile physical and online presence and consumer preference. This is due to their flexibility and the high quality services they provide. They also have a well-developed website that gives all their information and allow for special bookings. However, they do not offer an online payment and ordering system for home deliveries on a daily basis and this is one of the loopholes that ‘time to party’ will exploit. In addition, time to party will offer a new service that is not on their service list. With these two major issues, ‘time to part’ has the power to stand against coco catering. Target audience This project mostly targets people who have the desire to celebrate many events, have the money to do it but lack the time, resources and man power to ensure a successful execution of an event. This will include adults that work and university students that hold celebrations such as birthday or any other. This is the majority group that falls among the top desired clients. However, the company will

Summery Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summery - Article Example While the supporters of the concept tries to establish the fact that the diversified work force have positive impact over the productivity of the organization and therefore directly contributes toward the increased revenue and productivity of the organization, many others do not subscribe to the fact. While the entire industry, both from the functional as well as academia, accepts that work place as well as work force diversity are the most upcoming concepts that is implementing sea change in the industry, many of the scholar and the managers do not agree that such diversity is always helpful and should be most sought for the organizations. Many of them points out that diversified work force do not have any specific attribute rather is just a strategy for the multi – national corporations and other organizations to comply with the government regulations as well as to comply with the demands of the pressure groups. The article of the Issue 7, ‘Is Diversity in the Workplace a Worthwhile Goal for Corporations?’ is undoubtedly one of the most discussed and debated topics of the present world of today. The article clearly encapsulates the fact that while many of the leaders of the managerial as well as the academic fraternity supports the syndrome of diversified work force, many others perceives that such diversity does not have any positive impact over the productivity and the profitability of the organization. The article sums up the view point of Nancy R. Lockwood and Roger Clegg. The belief of Nancy R. Lockwood can be studied from HR Magazine that was published in the June of 2005 and Roger Clegg penned down his belief in the National Review Online on 21st January of 2002 with the heading of ‘Diversity Nonsense’. The recent trade in the job market of the United States clearly depicts the change in the structure and trends of the employee force. Even

Long-Term Effects and Societal Impacts of Alcohol Consumption Essay Example for Free

Long-Term Effects and Societal Impacts of Alcohol Consumption Essay Studies have shown that both long-term and short-term alcohol consumption affect every organ in the body in one way or another (College Drinking Changing the Culture, 2012). Some of the most commonly affected organs are the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, stomach, kidneys, and lungs (College Drinking Changing the Culture, 2012). Alcohol consumption has also been shown to affect one’s mental health as well as cause damage to the developing fetus (Fergusson, 2009). â€Å"Short-term† alcohol abuse refers alcohol consumption over days, weeks, or a few months; while â€Å"long-term† alcohol abuse is referring to high consumption of alcohol over several months to several years. Alcohol abuse also goes beyond the human body; it touches every part of society, particularly families and the economy, and likely has affected every human being in way or another. Organs Affected by Long-Term Alcohol Consumption Brain The short-term effects of alcohol consumption are more obvious because they are the effects that are seen when someone is intoxicated: slurred speech, lack of balance, poor memory, and blurred vision. The long-term effects of alcohol consumption on the brain are a little more subtle. One of the most common findings amongst long-term alcohol consumers is thiamine deficiency (thiamine is also known as vitamin B1), which is an essential nutrient for all tissues in the body (â€Å"Alcohol Alert†, 2004). The approximately 80 percent of alcoholics that have a thiamine deficiency are at a great risk of developing Wernike-Korsakoff Syndrome, a disease that consists of two syndromes, Wernike’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s psychosis (â€Å"Alcohol Alert†, 2004). Wernike’s encephalopathy causes mental confusion, paralysis of the nerves that move the eyes, and difficulty with muscle coordination, which 80-90 percent of the time develops into Korsakoff’s psychosis, a chronic syndrome characterized by memory and learning problems (â€Å"Alcohol Alert†, 2004). Heart While studies have shown in recent years that the antioxidants found in red wine can actually decrease one’s risk of developing heart disease, The American Heart Association states, â€Å"Drinking too much alcohol can raise the levels of some fats in the blood (triglycerides). It can also lead to high blood pressure, heart failure and an increased calorie intake†¦Excessive drinking and binge drinking can lead to stroke. Other serious problems include fetal alcohol syndrome, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death† (American Heart Association, 2012). Alcohol can also affect the heart indirectly. Long-term alcohol consumption can lead to conditions such as obesity and/or diabetes, which put one at a greater risk of developing coronary artery disease (American Heart Association, 2012). Liver The liver is the organ in your body that filters out toxins, such as alcohol, from the blood. Drinking more alcohol than the liver can process can actually damage liver cells, and over a long period of time can cause alcohol related liver diseases such as fatty liver disease (build up of extra fat in liver cells), alcoholic hepatitis (swelling and damage of the liver), and alcoholic cirrhosis (scarring of the liver where soft healthy tissue is replaced with hard scar tissue) (American Liver Foundation, 2011). The damaged liver cells caused from long-term alcohol abuse can lead to inflammation, increasing the risk of liver cancer (â€Å"Alcohol Use and Cancer†, 2012). Liver disease can be fatal, and complications from liver disease may include build up of fluid in the abdomen, bleeding from veins in the esophagus or stomach, an enlarged spleen, high blood pressure in the liver, brain disorders or coma (from hepatic encephalopathy), and/or kidney failure (American Liver Foundation, 2011). Pancreas Long-term alcohol consumption can lead to chronic pancreatitis, which is inflammation of the pancreas. Pancreatitis can result from blockages in the pancreatic duct, although in alcoholics it is more commonly caused by damage to the pancreatic tissue due to the by-products of alcohol metabolism (Apte, 1997). Alcohol abuse is the most common cause for patients with chronic pancreatitis, and can usually be treated with diet modifications (avoiding alcohol and low fat diets) and medications for pain relief, without requiring surgical intervention (Freedman, 2012). Some studies even claim that long-term alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing pancreatic cancer, although the studies on these claims have shown only a minor increased risk and have been mostly inconclusive (Ye, 2002). Gastrointestinal Tract The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the first stop that our foods and beverages have in the body. Alcohol usually moves from the stomach to the small intestine rather quickly, however sometimes alcohol is left behind and can actually irritate the inner lining of the stomach (College Drinking Changing the Culture, 2012). Unabsorbed alcohol left in the stomach can also increase digestive juices (hydrochloric acid), halt the digestive process and rob the body of necessary nutrients, and react with medications (such as aspirin) causing gastritis, ulcers, or severe bleeding (College Drinking Changing the Culture, 2012). Alcohol has even been linked to cancers in the GI tract. Cancers of the mouth, throat, larynx (voice box), and esophagus are believed to especially increase the risk of cancers of smokers because of the possibility that alcohol acts as a solvent for the harmful chemicals found in cigarettes, allowing these harmful chemicals to penetrate the inner linings of the digestive tract (â€Å"Alcohol Use and Cancer†, 2012). Bacteria in the colon and rectum can convert alcohol into large amounts of acetaldehyde, a chemical that has been shown to cause cancer in some lab studies (â€Å"Alcohol Use and Cancer†, 2012). Kidneys Long-term alcohol consumption has also been shown to compromise kidney function, particularly in patients with established liver disease (Epstein, 1997). Some studies have even shown that alcohol abuse can altering the form and structure of the kidneys, noting that many alcoholics have increased kidney size and/or swelling compared to non-alcoholics (Epstein, 1997). In Dr. Murray Epstein’s research on kidney function and alcohol abuse he has stated, â€Å"Chronic alcoholic patients may experience low blood concentrations of key electrolytes as well as potentially severe alterations in the body’s acid-base balance. In addition, alcohol can disrupt the hormonal control mechanisms that govern kidney function† (Epstein, 1997). Lungs One of the systems that is not as widely linked to alcohol consumption is the respiratory system, however recent studies have helped establish this link. For example, recent studies have shown that alcoholics are actually more prone to lung infections (such as pneumonia) (Joshi, 2007). More specifically, long-term alcohol consumption can decrease the levels of glutathione (an important antioxidant) in the lungs by as much as 80-90 percent (Joshi, 2007), which in turn leaves the lungs more susceptible to infection. Some pulmonologists have even found that prolonged and heavy exposure to alcohol can complicate asthma management, as well as worsen lung function and increase mortality in patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) (Sisson, 2007). The reason why the effects of long-term alcohol consumption on the lungs is not as widely studied is because most often the lung impairment goes undetected until acutely insulted by trauma or sepsis (system wide infection) (Joshi, 2007). Breasts Recent studies are now showing that even a few alcoholic drinks can increase the risk of breast cancer in women, particularly of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer (â€Å"Drinking Alcohol†, 2012). Alcohol can increase levels of estrogen and other hormones associated with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer (â€Å"Drinking Alcohol†, 2012). According to breastcancer.org, â€Å"Compared to women who dont drink at all, women who have three alcoholic drinks per week have a 15% higher risk of breast cancer. Experts estimate that the risk of breast cancer goes up another 10% for each additional drink women regularly have each day† (â€Å"Drinking Alcohol†, 2012). The Effect of Alcohol Abuse on Society Families Alcoholism affects each member of the family, and can even affect unborn children. The most commonly affected family members are the spouses and children of alcoholics (Berger, Silverstein, and Wekesser, 2003). Studies have shown that some of the most common symptoms found amongst spouses of alcoholics are feelings of hatred, self-pity, avoidance of social contacts, suffering from exhaustion, and/or becoming physically or mentally ill (Berger, Silverstein, and Wekesser, 2003). Children of alcoholics commonly express symptoms such as low self-esteem, loneliness, guilt, feelings of helplessness, fears of abandonment, poor performance in school, and/or chronic depression (Berger, Silverstein, and Wekesser, 2003). Unborn children can be affected by alcohol abuse when a woman drinks a significant amount of alcohol during the pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome is the most common disorder related to alcohol use during pregnancy. A baby that has been diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome may have the following symptoms: poor developmental growth in the womb and after birth, decreased muscle tone and poor coordination, delayed development, heart defects such as ventricular septal defect (VSD) or atrial septal defect (ASD), and/or problems with facial features (â€Å"Fetal alcohol syndrome†, 2012). The Economy In 2011 the U.S. Centers for disease Control (the CDC) reported that alcohol abuse costs the United States approximately $223.5 billion a year, with the government paying more than 60% of the health care costs of alcohol abusers (Fox, 2011). This enormous cost includes, but is not limited to, factors such as lost productivity due to alcohol-related illnesses, medical/health consequences of alcohol abuse, lost productivity of criminals/victims from crimes involving alcohol, and motor vehicle accidents (fatal and non-fatal) in which alcohol was involved (â€Å"Economic Costs of Alcohol Abuse in the United States†, 2000). Source Article: McCambridge J, McAlaney J, Rowe R (2011) Adult Consequences of Late Adolescent Alcohol Consumption: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies. PLoS Med 8(2): e1000413. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000413 References: Alcohol Alert. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Oct 2004. Web. 8 Oct 2012. http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa63/aa63.htm. Alcohol Use and Cancer. American Cancer Society. American Cancer Society, 27 Jan 2012. Web. 8 Oct 2012.http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/CancerCauses/DietandPhysicalActivity/alcohol-use-and-cancer. American Heart Association. Alcohol and Heart Disease.www.heart.org. American Heart Association, 04 Apr 2012. Web. 8 Oct 2012. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/MyHeartandStrokeNews/Alcohol-and-Heart-Disease_UCM_305173_Article.jsp. American Liver Foundation, . Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. American Liver Foundation. American Liver Foundation, 04 Oct 2011. Web. 8 Oct 2012. http://www.liverfoundation.org/abouttheliver/info/alcohol/. Apte, M, M Med, J Wilson, and M Korsten. Alcohol-Related Pancreatic Damage. Alcohol Health Research World. 21.1 (1997): 13-20. Web. 8 Oct. 2012. http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh21-1/13.pdf. Berger, G, H Silverstein, and C Wekesser. Alcoholism and Its Effect on the Family . AllPsych Journal. AllPsych Journal, 14 2003. Web. 23 Oct 2012. http://allpsych.com/journal/alcoholism.html. College Drinking Changing the Culture. Alcohol and You: An Interactive Body. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 13 Aug 2012. Web. 8 Oct 2012. http://www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov Drinking Alcohol. Breastcancer.org. Breastcancer.org, 17 Sep 2012. Web. 8 Oct 2012. http://www.breastcancer.org/risk/factors/alcohol. Epstein, Murray. Alcohol’s Impact on Kidney Function.Alcohol Health Research World. 1.21 (1997): 84-93. Web. 8 Oct. 2012. http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh21-1/84.pdf. Fergusson, DM, JM Boden, and LJ Horwood. Tests of causal links between alcohol abuse or dependence and major depression. PubMed. March (2009): n. page. Web. 8 Oct. 2012. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19255375. Fetal alcohol syndrome. PubMed Health. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 08 Aug 2012. Web. 8 Oct 2012. Fox, Maggie. CDC: Alcohol Abuse Costs U.S. $224 Billion a Year. National Journal. National Journal, 17 2011. Web. 23 Oct 2012. http://www.nationaljournal.com/healthcare/cdc-alcohol-abuse-costs-u-s-224-billion-a-year-20111017. Freedman, Steven, and J. Thomas LaMont, eds. Patient information: Chronic pancreatitis (Beyond the Basics). Up To Date. Wolters Kluwer Health, 11 Jul 2012. Web. 8 Oct 2012. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-pancreatitis-beyond-the-basics?source=see_link. Joshi, Pratibha, and David Guidot. The alcoholic lung: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and potential therapies. American Journal of Physiology Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 292.4 (2007): L813-L823. Web. 8 Oct. 2012. http://ajplung.physiology.org/content/292/4/L813.full.pdf html. Sisson, JH. PubMed. PubMed. 41.5 (2007): 293-307. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17764883. United States. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Economic Costs of Alcohol Abuse in the United States. 2000. Web. http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/economic-2000/alcoholcost.PDF. Ye, W, J Lagergren, E Weiderpass, O Nyrà ©n, H-O Adami, and A Ekbom. Alcohol abuse and the risk of pancreatic cancer. GUT An Internati onal Journal of

Evolutionary Development Biology Essay -- Biology, Embryology

Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) has been instituted in the early 1980s as a distinctive field of study to characterize the new synthesis of evolution hypothesis (MÃ ¼ller, 2007). Evo-devo has been regarded as a new rule in evolutionary biology and complement to the neo- Darwinian theories. It has formed from the molecular developmental biology and evolutionary molecular genetics that their integration helps to greatly understand both of them into the recent evo-devo. Evo-devo as discipline has been explored the role of the process of individual development and the evolutionary phenotype changes that is mean the developmental procedure by which single-celled zygotes grow to be multicellular organisms. Alterations in the developmental program frequently cause differences in adult morphology. When these alterations are helpful, they grow to be fixed in a population and can make the evolution of new phyla. The evo-devo seeks to know how new groups happen by understandi ng how the method of development has evolved in different lineages. In other word, Evo-devo explained the interaction between phenotype and genotype (Hall, 2007). Explanation the morphological novelty evolutionary origin is one of the middle challenges in current biology of evolutionary and is intertwined with the energetic discussion regarding how to connect biology of developmental to standard perspectives from theory of evolutionary (Laubichler, 2010). Large number of theoretical and experiential efforts are being devoted to novelties that have exercised biologists for more than one hundred years, for instance the fins basis in fish, the fin-to limb change and the feathers evolution. Biology of developmental promises to formulate a main contribution... ...tion of many biological fields, where developmental genetics is only one among several intersecting approaches. Also Love, (2010) stated that, evo-devo like a collection of problems of study that deserted in theorizing of evolutionary following the Synthesis of Modern. Additionally, the relationship between neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory and evo devo- is mainly contested (Hoekstra and Coyne, 2007; Minelli, 2010). However, still recognize comparatively small on how the evo-devo methods and characteristic of morphologies of different species diverged eventually. Craig, (2010) discussed that, obviously contributed to understanding the genes of evo-devo and subsequently the morphological evolution character in intricate organisms. There is significant confirmation for claim of evo-devo that regulatory modifies play an essential function in the evolution of shape.

Facebook Comments Essay

The National Labor Relations Board’s most recent decision demonstrates that not all employee social media posts are protected by the National Labor Relations Act. Questions remain, however, about the extent to which employees can be disciplined over social media activity We can expect the NLRB to continue to address the topic of employee rights as they relate to social media. Employers should review their employee handbooks and employment policies to ensure compliance with the NLRA and the NLRB’s jurisprudence. Employers should also consider training managers about permissible and prohibited conduct under the NLRA. Finally, employers should consider conducting their own education programs, including reminding employees of social media policies. 1. DOES AN EMPLOYEEE HAS ANY LEGAL RIGHT TO DESCIPLINE OR DISCHARGE AN EMPLOYEE OVER COMMENT ABOUT THE COMPANY? In my opinion addressing employee terminations resulting from Facebook posts, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) determines that the comments were concerted activity protected by the National Labor Relations Act (NRLA or Act). This latest decision reinforces that employers must exercise caution before terminating or disciplining employees as a result of their comments on social media. The answer is no. Employers should take note of the NLRB’s continued focus on social media policies and its view of social media activity as akin to water cooler conversation. The decision should prompt all employers to evaluate their policies regarding employee social media usage and speech outside the workplace. Employers should also train supervisory personnel on how to respond to the increased use of social media. 2. would you willing to settle the charges voluntarily; would you do so or insist on legal right to a formal NLRB HEARING ON THE CHARGES? I would insist on my legal right to a formal hearing with the NLRB. The NLRB’s main concern is that any restrictions employers put on workers’ social media conduct do not violate their rights under Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act to engage in protected concerted activity, such as discussing the terms and conditions of their employment with co-workers, even on Facebook. But that does not mean you have to let your employees run amok online. Your policy is more likely to survive scrutiny if you have made an effort to provide specific examples of what is and is not acceptable conduct. Here are some examples from the recent guidance on social media policies that are employee-tested, NLRB-approved: †¢Prohibiting â€Å"harassment, bullying, discrimination or retaliation,† even at home or after business hours. †¢Informing workers that they are â€Å"more likely† to resolve complaints by speaking with co-workers or going through the company, rather than posting grievances online. †¢Forbidding â€Å"inappropriate postings,† specifically threats of violence or discriminatory remarks. †¢Instructing employees not to reveal trade secrets or confidential information, as long as you detail the kind of information you mean, so there’s no chance of the policy being read to restrict Section 7 rights. 3. DID THE COMPANY COMMIT UNFAIR LABOR ACT? An employee was discharged lawfully after posting negative comments on Facebook critical of patient care, because the employee’s postings were merely an expression of individual gripes, as opposed to protected concerted activity. In this case, at least several coworkers responded to the posting; however, their messages reflected that the posting was individual and not group activity. The NLRB also rejects a policy requiring company approval for employees to identify themselves as employees on social networking sites or requiring the employees to state that their comments are their personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the employer’s opinions. Not surprisingly, the NLRB also found it is unlawful to discharge any employee pursuant to an overbroad social media policy prohibiting disclosure of private or confidential information of another employee because the policy did not provide guidance on what the employer considered confidential. This is how I feel it was unfair labor act: †¢Ã¢â‚¬â€šA policy prohibiting employees from making disparaging comments when discussing the employer or its supervisors was unlawful because the policy did not make clear that it did not prohibit protected concerted activity. †¢Ã¢â‚¬â€šThe discharge of a paramedic i who posted demeaning comments concerning her employer’s clientele was lawful because there was no evidence of protected concerted activity: the comments did not mention any terms or conditions of employment, the posting was not discussed with any coworkers, and the comments were not for the purpose of inducing group activity or an outgrowth of collective concerns of the employee or her coworkers. The NLRB’s recent report provides helpful guidance to employers not wishing to become potential NLRB cases, including the following:†¢Ã¢â‚¬â€šCommunications that are not concerted are generally not protected. However, the cases highlight that a finding of concerted activity might turn on evidence not readily available to the employer, so caution is warranted. †¢Ã¢â‚¬â€šCommunications that are concerted (i.e., that are not merely an individual gripe) on matters of mutual concern to employees are likely to be found to be protected by the NLRA. †¢Ã¢â‚¬â€šCommunications that are protected do not become unprotected simply because the comments are communicated via the Internet and/or because they might be read by nonemployees as well. †¢Ã¢â‚¬â€šCommunications that are protected do not become unprotected just because they contain some critical (about the employer) or otherwise objectionable language. †¢Ã¢â‚¬â€šAn association policy that, reasonably interpreted, would tend to â€Å"chill† employees in the exercise of their rights under the NLRA is likely to be found unlawful by the NLRB if it is challenged. Given this new focus on social media, employers should: 1) Review their relevant employment policies to ensure that they are not overbroad and do not constitute potential unfair labor practices. 2) Proceed cautiously when determining whether to discipline an employee because of his or her comments in postings on Facebook, Twitter or other social media.

Comparing the New England and Chesapeake Colonists Essay

Comparing the New England and Chesapeake Colonists The New England and Chesapeake colonists settled in the new world for different reasons like religious freedoms in the North and quick profits in the South. Jamestown was originally an ideal place to strike it rich for the colonists. They didnt plan on staying long, therefore not bringing many women, as seen in Doc C. The early colony began to expand after the governors imposed laws and kept things running smooth. The Pilgrims who were seeking religious freedom from the Church of England established the Plymouth plantation in Massachusetts. The New England colonists brought more women because they planned on more of a permanent settlement; this is illustrated in the passenger list†¦show more content†¦Since many conflicted with the views of other groups, people migrated to areas of religious tolerance such as Rhode Island. Also Pennsylvania became another popular destination. The South contained a lot of farms, which needed workers. At first, farm owners would bring over indentured servants and later slaves. The slave trade became a large market in the South because of the scarce work population. The climate and abundance of wor k contributed to the number of slaves needed. The South was a lot more open to attack then the North. As stated in Doc. G by Governor Berkeley, Virginia is intersected by a lot of rivers, which make it open to attack. Not only around the east and west, but along the far south border near the Spanish territory of Florida. This constant threat of the Spanish lead to the military growth in Georgia to defend the English colonies. The Northern colonies didnt have to worry about the Spanish but they did have to worry about the French who occupied Canada. The North attracted many people for religious reasons and eventually developed a profitable shipbuilding industry based on the natural forests and harbors. More people who were interested in profit inhabited the South. 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